検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Upon its first English publication in 1959, Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery revolutionized thinking about the scientific method. Largely an exploration of the demarcation problem, or what distinguishes science from non-science, Popper introduced and defended his concept of falsifability -- that scientific systems are ones open to empirical disconfirmation -- against the prevailing views of his day.

Analogy is the core of all thinking. This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize-winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over 30 years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition.

Noam Chomsky is widely known and deeply admired for being the founder of modern linguistics, one of the founders of the field of cognitive science, and perhaps the most avidly read political theorist and commentator of our time. In these lectures, he presents a lifetime of philosophical reflection on all three of these areas of research to which he has contributed for over half a century. 

La tesi di Murgia è che l'odio possa essere una virtù, dipende da come lo pratichiamo. Per esempio, con Odio gli indifferenti Antonio Gramsci ha mostrato che, se riconosciuto e disciplinato, questo sentimento non è per forza distruttivo. Passando dalle maledizioni sarde ai salmi biblici, da Grazia Deledda alle lettere di san Paolo, Murgia smonta i nostri pregiudizi e rivendica il diritto di odiare – specialmente i prevaricatori, i prepotenti, tutti coloro che non credono nella responsabilità collettiva del bene.

This book offers what may with reservations be described as a theory of the mind. But it does not give new information about minds. We possess already a wealth of information about minds, information which is neither derived from, nor upset by, the arguments of philosophers. The philosophical arguments which constitute this book are intended not to increase what we know about minds, but to rectify the logical geography of the knowledge which we already possess.

The Thinking Toolbox has been the best selling text for teaching critical thinking skills and introduction to logic for over 15 years. This book is like a toolbox, full of different kinds of tools you can use for different thinking tasks. Just as you use the wrench in a regular tool box to fix the sink, so you can use the tools we give you in this book to solve thinking problems.

Learn how to win arguments. Know when to avoid disputes. Benefit from tools for persuasion. Gain clarity on cognitive bias and conjunction fallacy. Various strategies are presented for effective communication and dispute resolution,

Despite 21st-century fears of an "epidemic" of loneliness, its history has been sorely neglected. A Biography of Loneliness offers a radically new interpretation of loneliness as an emotional language and experience. Using letters and diaries, philosophical tracts, political discussions, and medical literature from the 18th century to the present, historian of the emotions Fay Bound Alberti argues that loneliness is not a historical, universal phenomenon. It is, in fact, a modern emotion: before 1800, its language did not exist.

In How Propaganda Works, Jason Stanley demonstrates that more attention needs to be paid. He examines how propaganda operates subtly, how it undermines democracy - particularly the ideals of democratic deliberation and equality - and how it has damaged democracies of the past. 

■思考や表現の幅を広げ、新しい扉を開く隠れた言葉たち「鴆酒（ちんしゅ）」「猫の魚辞退（うおじたい）」「アハ体験」「竹夫人（ちくふじん）」「ぐりはま」「ブーバ／キキ効果」……

The Stoics knew what made for a good man – and a good life. Four simple virtues empowered them to cope with the end of a relationship, the loss of a job, ill health, and even bereavement. Now you too can discover for yourself what gave them the emotional resilience to make the most of any situation.

Penguin presents the audiobook edition of The History of Philosophy written by A.C. Grayling, read by Neil Gardner. The story of philosophy is an epic tale: an exploration of the ideas, views and teachings of some of the most creative minds known to humanity. But since the long-popular classic...

This timely audio edition of A Rulebook for Arguments sharpens an already-classic text, adding updated examples and a new chapter on public debates that provides rules for the etiquette and ethics of sound public dialogue as well as clear and sound thinking in general.

Even the most reasonable of us can be selective about when we think reasonably. We may realize that the best thing to do is to take the advice of our doctor when facing a medical issue. When shopping for a new car or appliance we might carefully assess online reviews and weigh our options calmly before making an informed decision. But when it comes to things that feel more fraught, we might throw this approach out the window, dismissing facts and patterns that form a body of evidence, and trust our gut.

“Mind-expanding . . . The Score is so exuberant and readable that the depth and seriousness of its insights almost sneak up on you.” —Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times “Brilliant and wildly original . . . The Score is socially attentive, historically literate and imbued with sensual...

In his Introduction, Abraham Kaplan places Dewey's philosophy of art within the context of his pragmatism. Kaplan demonstrates in Dewey's esthetic theory his traditional "movement from a dualism to a monism" and discusses whether Dewey's viewpoint is that of the artist, the respondent, or the critic.

The front cover of the second edition of Language, Truth and Logic carried this statement in capital letters: ‘THE CLASSIC TEXT WHICH FOUNDED LOGICAL POSITIVISM - AND MODERN BRITISH PHILOSOPHY.’ It was a bold statement, but the book, first published in 1936 when A. J. Ayer was just 25 and a lecturer on philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford, drew unstinting praise from leading figures in the field, including Bertrand Russell.

Logic For Dummies, 2nd Edition explains all the varied ways we use logic in philosophy, science, and everyday life. College students taking a logic course and lifelong learners alike can benefit from this accessible guide to logic concepts―such as syllogisms, constructing proofs and...

Mysticism and Logic. The first essay, which gives its title to the volume, endeavors to define the respective spheres of logic and mysticism. Bertrand Russell describes this and the four essays that follow as “entirely popular”.

Discover the profound wisdom of the ancient Stoics in this essential collection of their most enduring works. The Timeless Stoicism Collection brings together five cornerstone texts that have inspired countless readers and listeners to cultivate inner strength, resilience, and clarity in the face of life’s challenges.